Pope Celestine I (?–432) – philosopher striving for the divinity of the mother of Jesus
Pope Celestine I (?–432) – philosopher striving for the divinity of the mother of Jesus
Pope Celestine I, Le vite dei pontifici, 1710, Bartolomeo Platina
Interior of the Basilica of Santa Sabina, marble decorations from the V century at the base of the arcades
Interior of the Basilica of Santa Sabina
Basilica of Santa Sabina, early-Christian mosaics above the enterance – Eccesia ex circumcisione
Dedicative mosaic of Pope Celestine I above the enterance door, Basilica of Santa Sabina
Cypress door (one of the lodgings) created during the pontificate of Pope Celestine I, Basilica of Santa Sabina
Basilica of Santa Sabina, cypress door from the V century
Basilica of Santa Sabina, basilica apse
It should be assumed that Celestine was a modest person, who did not abuse authority, which can be testified to by the reprimand, which he issued to the bishop of Provence, stating that “We, should be distinguished from the common people by our learning, not by our clothes; by our conduct, not by our dress; by cleanness of mind, not by the care we spend upon our person". He was buried in the Catacombs of Priscilla at via Salaria, but in the Middle Ages his earthly remains were transferred to the Church of Santa Prassede. As was the case with many medieval popes he was included among the saints.
It should be assumed that Celestine was a modest person, who did not abuse authority, which can be testified to by the reprimand, which he issued to the bishop of Provence, stating that “We, should be distinguished from the common people by our learning, not by our clothes; by our conduct, not by our dress; by cleanness of mind, not by the care we spend upon our person". He was buried in the Catacombs of Priscilla at via Salaria, but in the Middle Ages his earthly remains were transferred to the Church of Santa Prassede. As was the case with many medieval popes he was included among the saints.
We do not know a lot about him – reportedly he was an expert on the Holy Scriptures and philosophy, which allowed him to freely participate in theological discussions, which during his ten-year tenure as the bishop of Rome (422-432) more and more took on the form of a conflict in the womb of the Church. They concerned Pelagianism and Nestorianism – spreading doctrines regarding the presence of a human and divine element in the persona of the Savior. Celestine was a supporter of the view of consubstiantality of the Son and Father, in opposition to Nestorius, who believed that Christ possessed two separate natures: human and divine – he was in this sense a sort of a vessel in which Logos – God, found its place. The pope was also a propagator of the dogma issued at the Council of Ephesus in 431 about the divine motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary and bestowing upon her the title of Mother of God (Theotokos), once again in opposition to the aforementioned Nestorius, who opposed such a formula believing that the Virgin Mary can only be called the Mother of Christ (Christotokos). The council condemned Nestorius, while the cult of the Mother of God inaugurated upon it, spread all over the Christin world, however, mainly in Rome which can be testified to by the construction of the monumental Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, by the successor of pope Celestine – Sixtus III. During the pontificate of Celestine I significant changes took place in Rome. The Roman Empire was still in existence, the emperors as we know reigned until the abdication of 476, however they were not overly interested in the city on the Tiber, and even less so in its buildings. In this regard their role was gradually taken over by the bishop of Rome, while individuals working under his auspices, became influential funders, who in their generosity were driven both by the good of the Church, as well as by the need to absolve their own sins and guarantee themselves a better position after death. Such funds were used to construct, the still preserved until the present in nearly its original form, Church of Santa Sabina on Aventine Hill, of which we are informed by the mosaic inscription praising the deed of the pope.
Buildings and structures created during the pontificate of Celestine I:
Repair of the damaged Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere and its decoration (unpreserved)
Construction of the Church of Santa Sabina and furnishing it with a cypress door (preserved until today, an excellent example of early-Christian art)
Pope Sixtus III (390–440) – a great constructor of Christian Rome
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